Fire prevention and extinguishing of the hottest m

Fire prevention and extinguishing of motor vehicles

through the analysis of the causes of fires in a large number of motor vehicles, it is found that the main causes of fires in motor vehicles are as follows:

1 electrical circuit failure. (electrical circuit is an important part of motor vehicles and often the main ignition source of fires. According to the statistics of relevant departments, more than 50% of automobile fires are caused by electrical circuit failure)

(1) aging of wire insulation ---- short circuit and fire (such as high temperature, corrosion or long service time)

(2) wires are damaged, broken due to friction or external force - short circuit and fire

(3) short circuit or overload of private wire ---- fire

(4) poor contact at the line connection point (such as looseness) -- causing excessive local resistance, heating and fire

2 oil leakage in oil tank or oil delivery pipe ---- fire. If the oil tank or oil pipe leaks a lot, it may cause a fire once it encounters a fire source (such as high-temperature engine, electric spark, exhaust entrainment spark, etc.)

3 the left kindling causes fire. For example, the cigarette butts left in the car or thrown out by the cab of a high-speed car are drawn into the trunk of the car to ignite combustibles, resulting in a fire

4 friction and fire. For example, dry friction (lack of lubricating oil) between high-speed running parts will produce high temperature, which will cause a fire when encountering combustibles

5 illegal operation

(1) fill the carburetor with fuel directly to start the vehicle. (fire caused by carburetor backfire)

(2) drive by gravity oil supply. If the oil pump or oil circuit is damaged and cannot supply oil to the carburetor normally, use the oil barrel rubber hose to supply oil to the carburetor by gravity to maintain the vehicle running. Once the oil barrel overturns, the rubber hose falls off, breaks or the carburetor backfires, etc. may cause a fire

(3) scrub the vehicle with gasoline or volatile solvent

(4) the engine did not shut down during refueling

(5) if it is used, the open flame is improper for replacing the amplifier. For example, use matches, lighters and other open flames to check the oil volume in the tank or check the battery (there is oil gas in the tank, and the battery will produce hydrogen when used)

(6) draw or hang fire at will. If the short-circuit method is used to spark, check the level of battery power and the continuity of circuit wires; Use the hanging fire method to burn the cylinder (leave a gap of 1 ~ 4mm between the spark and the high-voltage line, increase the energy of the spark plug electrode and burn the carbon deposit)

(7) the welding repair oil tank or oil pipe is not thoroughly cleaned

(8) fill fuel in thunderstorm weather or under high-voltage wires

6 inflammables and explosives are placed improperly. Such as lighter, oil rag, hair gel, etc. are placed on the dashboard in the cab; Put the container containing gasoline into the cab

Brazilian researchers have developed a new type of plastic material that can be naturally biodegradable within one month. II. Fire fighting of motor vehicles

if motor vehicles have a fire, especially the initial fire, the loss of fire can be greatly reduced if correct methods and measures can be taken to fight it in time. Therefore, it is necessary for drivers to understand and master some knowledge of vehicle fire fighting. Once the vehicle catches fire, don't panic, be calm, and take corresponding fire-fighting countermeasures according to the site conditions to put out the fire as soon as possible. Specific attention should be paid to the following aspects:

1 when the vehicle is on fire while driving, stop immediately, cut off the power supply, and use self-contained fire extinguishers to put out the fire

attention: (1) if the fire is fierce and it is difficult to extinguish by oneself, it should be reported to the fire department in time (call fire 119 correctly, and first report the location (unit) of the fire). If it is a dangerous material on fire, it should also state the name of the dangerous material, so that the fire department can choose the appropriate extinguishing agent, explain the contact and the name of the alarm person, etc. If necessary, people should also be sent to the intersection to meet the fire truck

(2) if the engine is on fire, generally do not be in a hurry to open the engine cover, because the combustion is still controlled under the cover before the cover is opened, it is not easy to form thermal convection, the combustion is slow, and the fire is generally not too violent, which is conducive to fire fighting. At this time, you can use a fire extinguisher to shoot fire from the gap of the cover at the fire site. Otherwise, once the cover is opened, the combustion will become very violent, which will increase the difficulty of fire fighting (especially if you don't have a fire extinguisher, don't open the cover rashly). If the cover must be opened (for example, the gap of the cover is too small and the fire extinguishing agent cannot be sprayed), wear thick gloves, stand in the upwind and turn your face to one side when opening the cover to prevent the fleeing flame from burning your face

2 when the fuel tank of the vehicle is on fire during refueling, stop refueling immediately and quickly drive (push) the vehicle away from the gas station to fight the fire. (if there is no fire extinguisher on site, wet clothes and sand can be used to put out the fire)

3 vehicles on fire in the garage or parking lot should actively fight and evacuate according to the situation on site. (quickly evacuate the surrounding vehicles, transfer or brass: 335 (4) 40 isolate other inflammables and explosives around, pay attention to protect the garage buildings, and if possible, quickly drive the burning vehicles out of the garage or parking lot to put out the fire)

4 if the cargo vehicle is on fire, the vehicle should be driven away from the critical part and stopped to put out the fire. (such as public places, inflammable and explosive places, places with dense personnel, etc. it is expected that the scrap market will operate under low pressure in the near future. If possible, the goods on the vehicle should be unloaded and transferred quickly - especially dangerous goods. In addition, the fire part should be parked leeward when parking)

5 if the passenger carrying vehicle is on fire, stop immediately, open all doors to evacuate passengers, and then put out the fire. (if the door cannot be opened due to door deformation, line failure and other reasons, guide passengers to get off from the nearest window)

6 in case of a traffic accident and fire, the trapped people in the vehicle should be rescued quickly, and then put out the fire. (such as opening the door, smashing the glass, prying open the doors and windows, etc.)

7 if the vehicle is on fire during repair, you should quickly cut off the power supply, get out of the car (or climb out of the ditch) and put out the fire